Interview with Sloan De Forest, author of Must See Sci-Fi

Sloan De Forest. Photo credit: Manoah Bowman

I've had the privilege of interviewing Sloan De Forest, author of Must See Sci-Fi: 50 Movies That are Out of This World (TCM/Running Press). She's an actress, writer and film historian and has written about film for Sony, Time Warner Cable, the Mary Pickford Foundation, and Bright Lights Film Journal. She's contributed essays to the books Natalie Wood: Reflections on a Legendary Life and Grace Kelly: Hollywood Dream Girl.

I'll be posting my review of her book (spoiler alert, it's rocking my world right now) and hosting a giveaway later this week. In the meantime, enjoy the interview:


Raquel Stecher: Tell us about your background as a film historian and your connection to old Hollywood.

Sloan De Forest: I took the circuitous route to become a film historian. I started as an actor and aspiring screenwriter. I did take some acting classes, but I mostly learned to act from watching those timeless performances by the likes of Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, Greta Garbo, Carole Lombard, and others. Turner Classic Movies was my college major! So I fell in love with classic film on my own before discovering it’s in my blood – my great-great uncle was Lee De Forest, who invented the sound-on-film process for talking pictures in 1923. He was the first to capture the voices of Elsa Lanchester, Una Merkel, and others on film, and provided a music soundtrack to Pola Negri’s first Hollywood film. That was an exciting connection to discover.

Lee De Forest

Stecher: How did you first fall in love with the science fiction genre?

De Forest: It may have started the summer I turned 11, when I was visiting my grandparents in the country and there was nothing to do but watch old movies on television. I saw The Blob and the 1958 version of The Fly, which had a real impact on me. I also discovered old Twilight Zone episodes that summer. I didn’t consciously realize that I was falling in love with sci-fi, but those images stayed in my mind. Then in the '90s, Mystery Science Theater 3000 was my gateway into Ed Wood, then into Roger Corman, which led me to classics like Forbidden Planet. I think because of their outrageous production design and costumes, Forbidden Planet and Barbarella were the sci-fis that fascinated me as a teenager. Well, those and Plan 9 from Outer Space.

Amazon — Barnes and Noble — Powells

Stecher: How did you come to work on Must See Sci-Fi?

De Forest: As a first-time author, I was incredibly lucky. Fellow TCM author Manoah Bowman is someone I had met through a mutual friend. He knew I was a writer, editor, and Natalie Wood fan, so he hired me to contribute to his 2016 book Natalie Wood: Reflections on a Legendary Life. From there, I had a foot in the door to write my own TCM book. It just so happened they were looking for someone to write a must-see guide for science fiction, and so it worked out perfectly.

Stecher: How did you curate the list of 50 science fiction movies for the book?

De Forest: With great difficulty! But seriously. There was quite a bit of friendly back-and-forth between me and TCM before settling on a final 50. Ultimately, you’re never going to please everyone with this kind of book, so it’s somewhat subjective. We wanted to include the most memorable, the most groundbreaking, and the most impactful films of the genre and I believe we succeeded. Even if we left out some that are great movies, I tried to include them in the Keep Watching section or at least mention them in the text. So I actually discuss A LOT more than 50 movies.

Stecher: What kind of research did you do for the book?

De Forest: I watched and re-watched all the films, of course, even if I had already seen them many times. Next I read books about the making of the films when I could, and went to the Margaret Herrick Library in Beverly Hills, which is a great resource for production files, press books, and clippings. I kept my online research to a minimum because—even though there are some great and highly reputable websites—I tried to avoid repeating all the same old information available on Wikipedia. But with some of these classics like Star Wars for example, repetition is impossible to avoid, because everything there is to know is already common internet knowledge. But I tried to dig deep—in old newspaper archives, for example—and find a few nuggets.

Stecher: Which movies did you leave out that you wish could have made the cut?

De Forest: I wanted to include a couple of my personal favorites, like Galaxy Quest and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow. I don’t think Sky Captain is strictly considered science fiction, but I am fascinated by that movie. There’s nothing else like it. As for Galaxy Quest, I’m not sure why it didn’t make the cut, but you can’t have everything! I already negotiated to get Alphaville and Barbarella back on the list after TCM suggested cutting them, so I was happy enough with those two not to push my luck. I also wish I could have written in more detail about Blade Runner 2049, but, tragically, it was released one month after I finished the book.

Stecher: How did early classic movies influence modern day sci-fi movies?

De Forest: Good question. I think there is probably a greater influence there than many people realize, because, when you stop and think about it, science fiction was a literary genre where writers could describe aliens, spaceships, and monsters in great detail without having the burden of showing them. So the first filmmakers to actually depict those unknown entities on film were really pioneers. They were taking an enormous risk, using a great deal of imagination and primitive technology or craftsmanship to show a Martian, for example, on film for the first time. It was brand-new territory they were exploring. Once these images were out there, they became the building blocks of all later sci-fi movies. No matter how original a filmmaker may be nowadays, I think it’s impossible for them not to be influenced by the classics to some degree.

Stecher: Why do you think movie going audiences love science fiction?

De Forest: Like the genres of fantasy and supernatural horror, sci-fi presents us with possibilities that lie beyond our everyday world. But sci-fi is usually more grounded in what might be possible in the future. So I think people respond to the idea that with a science fiction movie—unlike in fantasy or the supernatural—they are seeing incredible images and ideas that actually could become a reality one day. It can be fascinating to explore. Personally, I’m fascinated by watching older sci-fi because you get to see how the filmmakers imagined our world of today, fifty or more years ago. It’s not always the brilliant movies that get it right, either! Logan’s Run, for example, may not have been the greatest movie, but it predicted using technology for pleasure and ease, whereas so many others only envisioned technology that could destroy the planet or send us into space.

Stecher: What would you say to someone who is hesitant about delving into the science fiction genre?

De Forest: I would say that they are likely to be pleasantly surprised. I was someone who enjoyed sci-fi, but did not consider myself a die-hard sci-fi fanatic. Then when I started working on the book, I realized some of my all-time favorite movies are science fiction. Most people have probably already seen a sci-fi movie they love... Star Wars, E.T., Back to the Future, Alien, The Terminator... Those are some of the most popular films ever. If someone is younger and hasn’t seen those titles, I would recommend starting with them because they’re so accessible. And then see where they take you!

Photo via SloanDeForest.com 

Stecher: What do you hope readers will come away with after they read Must See Sci-Fi?

De Forest:  I hope the book inspires them to seek out the films they haven’t seen yet, and to re-watch the ones they saw years ago. Even if they know all the 50 movies by heart, I discuss and recommend many more obscure titles in the book, so there are hundreds of movies mentioned. I also hope the book starts conversations. The overall aim is to get people excited about movies. That’s what it’s all about.


Many thanks to Sloan for taking the time out for this interview!

Cinema Shame: Le samouraï (1967)

When I was curating my Cinema Shame list for 2018, I looked to FilmStruck for some inspiration. Le samouraï (1967) is a staple on FilmStruck's Criterion Channel and one of the first films I noticed on the service when I signed up as a beta user. I wasn’t familiar with director Jean-Pierre Melville’s work and hadn’t seen many Alain Delon films. For me that’s good enough a reason to dive in because I love exploring unfamiliar territory. In addition to that, my love of French cinema and the influence of my friend Kate Gabrielle, who is a big Alain Delon fan, helped put Le samouraï on my FilmStruck watchlist.

Le samouraï stars Alain Delon as Jef Costello, a professional hitman hired to kill the owner of a jazz club. He goes through an elaborate ritual in preparation for the kill: he dresses up in his signature trench coat, with popped collar, hat and white gloves, he establishes an alibi with his girlfriend Jane (Nathalie Delon) and he steals a car. The hit goes according to plan until it doesn’t. The club’s pianiste (Cathy Rosier) becomes a witness to the murder. Jef is put in a police line up and is suspected of being the killer by Le Commissaire (Francois Perier). This puts his bosses, which include some of the club’s staff, in a precarious situation. They decide that they must get rid of Jef to protect themselves. Jef goes from killer for hire to target.

Jean-Pierre Melville was heavily influenced by American Film Noir and it shows in Le samouraï. This French neo-noir thriller is atmospheric and strikingly visual. I love how the film plays with light and shadow. Alain Delon is a perfect fit for Jef, the cold, detached and methodical protagonist. Delon brings a mystique to the character that makes Jef one cool mofo. Delon is a work of art in motion. I love how beautifully he’s positioned in the different scenes. With his amazing blue eyes are piercing through the screen, Delon is someone you just want to keep looking at. Yes there are other actors in this movie but they all seem to serve as pawns to tell Jef’s story.

And his story is brilliantly told. The first 10 minutes are without any dialogue. We watch Jef go through the motions of his pre-kill ritual. Just watching him we learn about what kind of man he is but also we’re held at a distance. In one of the early, it’s a rainy day, Jef has just stolen a car and a beautiful young woman looks over at him while they sit in traffic. He acknowledges her presence but makes it clearn he has no interest in pursuing any form of interaction with her. As the audience we have the same dynamic with him. In Jef’s apartment is a bullfinch in a cage. I like to think the bird represents Jef’s fear of being trapped. He’ll do anything to be free and stay free. At any cost.

I fell for Le samouraï hook, line and sinker. I’m here for more Melville, more Delon and more French neo-noir. It was by happenstance that I watched Robert Wise's film noir thriller Odds Against Tomorrow (1959) immediately after watching Le samouraï . I found out later that Melville adored that film, kept his own 35mm copy, and watched it over 80 times. A review of that film is coming soon!

Le samouraï is available to watch on FilmStruck's Criterion Channel. There is no expiration date so this one is not going anywhere anytime soon.

Le samouraï (1967) is the fourth of eight films that I am watching for the 2018 Cinema Shame challenge. Check out my original list and stay tuned for more reviews!
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Comet Over Broadway (1938)

Eve Appleton (Kay Francis) has big dreams. She’s a working woman, tending the newspaper stand by day and performing in community theater by night, all while taking care of her husband Bill (John Litel) and daughter Jackie (Sybil Jason/Victoria Elizabeth Scott). But she wants more than just a  home life. She wants to be an actress on Broadway. When big shot actor Wilton Banks (Ian Keith) rolls into town, she sees an opportunity for advancement but he sees an opportunity to get her into bed. Unaware of his attentions, she’s rescued by her husband Bill who accidentally kills Wilton. Their lawyer friend Grant (Donald Crisp) defends Bill in court. Despite their efforts, Bill is sentenced to life in prison. Eve makes a promise to Bill that she will raise the funds for his appeal. She sets off with her daughter and gets jobs in burlesque and vaudeville. On the road, she meets fellow actress “Tim” (Minna Gombell) along the way. Tim offers to raise Eve’s daughter Jackie so Eve can focus on her career. When Eve meets and falls in love with playwright Bert Ballin (Ian Hunter) she loses an opportunity to appear on Broadway and instead travels to London’s West End for the career she’s always wanted. Will this new life and new love make her forget what she’s left behind? Or will she stay true to her promise and get Bill get out of prison?

Ian Keith and Kay Francis

Donald Crisp and Kay Francis

John Litel and Kay Francis

Minna Gombell and Kay Francis

Kay Francis and Ian Hunter

Kay Francis and Sybil Jason

Comet Over Broadway (1938) was based on Faith Baldwin’s story for Cosmopolitan magazine. Baldwin was a prolific writer who published more than 80 novels, books of poetry and short story collections over her lifetime. Many of her short stories appeared in ladies magazines and several were adapted to film. Much like the character Eve, Baldwin wanted to be an actress. However she found herself more suited to being an author. In an interview Baldwin said, “people have to have some escape hatch, some way to get out of themselves, especially during the Depression.” Warner Bros. acquired the rights to Baldwin’s story for their production arm First National Pictures. Originally titled Curtain Call it was then changed to Comet Over Broadway. Neither title really suited the picture. The story was adapted for screen by writers Mark Hellinger and Robert Buckner. The script languished and was reworked by uncredited contributors Frank Cavett, Fritz Falkenstein and Brewster Morse. After many edits, it's unclear how much of Baldwin’s original story appears in the final product. She received a credit nonetheless.

The film was set to star Bette Davis who at the time was taking over Kay Francis’ title as queen of Warner Bros. Davis read the script and referred to it as "weak tea". There was already a lot of tension between Davis and WB and Davis was horrified that this was the first part assigned to her after her stand out role in Jezebel (1938). She refused to be in Comet Over Broadway and WB suspended her with no pay. Eventually the dust settled, Davis’ suspension lifted and she went on to make Sisters (1938) instead. Miriam Hopkins was set to replace Bette Davis but dropped out to make another movie. That’s when Kay Francis stepped in. Also its said that Ronald Reagan was supposed to play Bert Ballin, Ian Hunter’s part, but dropped out. According to Kay Francis biographers Lynn Kear and John Rossman, Francis struggled with a serious skin issue and weight gain. She received medical treatment and went on a severe grapefruit diet in order to continue filming.

The film was intended to be a major A level production for Warner Bros. According to the AFI, “when directors William Keighley and Edmund Goulding turned it down, the project was shelved. Then Bryan Foy took over the production in the B unit.” WB eventually assigned Busby Berkeley as director. Berkeley was best known for choreographing and directing music and dance sequences but he also directed a handful of films for the studio. Berkeley had to temporarily step down from production and director John Farrow came on to replace him. Most online sources say it was because Berkeley was ill. However, Berkeley biographer Jeffrey Spivak claims it was because he had to appear in court. In divorce proceedings Irving Wheeler accused Berkeley of stealing away his wife actress Carole Landis. The two had an affair while Landis and Wheeler were married but Landis claimed that she had been separated from Wheeler long before that relationship began. Berkeley and Landis were engaged after her divorce was finalized but never went through with the marriage.

Comet Over Broadway surprised me in many ways. It’s a drama with comedic moments. Minna Gombell who plays Francis’ wisecracking and kind-hearted sidekick, who is always “approaching 40”, is the film’s much needed comic relief. I really thought that, because of the era, Francis’ Eve was going to be punished for wanting to pursue a career rather than being content as a housewife. But throughout the movie it’s never suggested that she shouldn’t be working or that her profession was responsible for the tragedies in her life.

***SPOILER STARTS***

In the prison scene when Francis and Litel’s characters are reunited years later, Litel’s Bill reveals that he has a heart condition. I honestly thought his character would be killed off so that Francis’ Eve could get together with Hunter’s Bert. I even yelled at the screen “they’re going to kill off John Litel!” Thankfully this didn’t happen.

***SPOILER ENDS**

While it might be jarring for contemporary audiences to imagine a mother handing off her child to another woman to raise, it wasn’t all that uncommon at the time. (My own grandmother did this twice!) I was particularly fascinated with the Donald Crisp story line in which he tries to defend John Litel’s character but can only do so much. A high priced legal team is required to free Litel. Money in exchange for Litel’s freedom is the driving force behind the plot. Is this subtle commentary on the criminal justice system?

Comet Over Broadway is an enjoyable backstage drama peppered with moments of humor. I particularly enjoyed watching Minna Gombell and Sybil Jason in their scenes together. Ian Hunter, although second billed, is barely in the film and his character served more as a plot device than a meaningful character. I don't particularly care for Kay Francis but thought she was well suited for the part. The film does suffer from a weak script but all the surprises and Gombell's performance kept me interested.

Fun facts: Barry Nelson and Susan Hayward have bit roles. I spotted Hayward right away in a short community theater scene where she delivers a line or two to Francis. Also my good friend Jessica Pickens named her blog Comet Over Hollywood after this film. If you don’t follow her already make sure you visit her blog.

Comet Over Broadway (1938) is available on DVD-MOD from the Warner Archive Collection.When you use my buy links you help support this site. Thanks!

The Warner Archive trio George, D.W. and Matt discuss the film (about 15 minutes in) on the "You Can" episode of their podcast.

Warner Archive Wednesday - On (random) Wednesdays, I review one title from the Warner Archive Collection. Thank you to Warner Archive for sending me Comet Over Broadway (1938) to review!